Sulfur
POLYATOMIC NONMETAL
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.
Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number 16
Period 3
Group 16
Phase Solid
Appearance lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
About Polyatomic Nonmetals
Polyatomic nonmetals are elements that form bonds with distinct molecular structures. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
History
Discovered By Ancient china
Named By Unknown
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass 32.06
Density 2.07 g/L
Molar Heat 22.75 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)
Sulfur melts at 388.36 K and boils at 717.8 K.
Atomic Properties
Electron Config [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electronegativity 2.58
Electron Affinity 200.4101 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 999.6 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down.
Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.
Emission Spectrum
Photograph
External Resources
Study Guide
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Electron Config
The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.