Palladium

TRANSITION METAL

Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.

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Quick Facts

Atomic Number 46

Period 5

Group 10

Phase Solid

Appearance silvery white

About Transition Metals

Transition metals are elements with partially filled d-orbitals. They are hard, have high melting points, and often form colored compounds.

History

Discovered By William Hyde Wollaston

Named By Unknown

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 106.421

Density 12.023 g/L

Molar Heat 25.98 J/(mol·K)

Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)

Palladium melts at 1828.05 K and boils at 3236 K.

Atomic Properties

Electron Config [Kr] 4d10

Electronegativity 2.2

Electron Affinity 54.24 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy 804.4 kJ/mol

Orbital Filling Diagram

This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down. Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.

Photograph

Source: Wikipedia

External Resources

Wikipedia PubChem Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Videos (YouTube)

Study Guide

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.

Atomic Mass

The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electron Config

The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.