60
Nd
Neodymium
144.2423
Neodymium
LANTHANIDE
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number 60
Period 6
Group 6
Phase Solid
Appearance silvery white
About Lanthanides
Lanthanides are shiny metallic elements with atomic numbers 57–71. They are often called 'rare-earth elements' and are used in magnets and lasers.
History
Discovered By Carl Auer von Welsbach
Named By Unknown
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass 144.2423
Density 7.01 g/L
Molar Heat 27.45 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)
Neodymium melts at 1297 K and boils at 3347 K.
Atomic Properties
Electron Config [Xe] 4f4 6s2
Electronegativity 1.14
Electron Affinity 184.87 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 533.1 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down.
Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.
Photograph
External Resources
Study Guide
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Electron Config
The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.