64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.253
Gadolinium
LANTHANIDE
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.
Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number 64
Period 6
Group 10
Phase Solid
Appearance silvery white
About Lanthanides
Lanthanides are shiny metallic elements with atomic numbers 57–71. They are often called 'rare-earth elements' and are used in magnets and lasers.
History
Discovered By Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Named By Unknown
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass 157.253
Density 7.9 g/L
Molar Heat 37.03 J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)
Gadolinium melts at 1585 K and boils at 3273 K.
Atomic Properties
Electron Config [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electronegativity 1.2
Electron Affinity 13.22 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 593.4 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down.
Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.
Photograph
External Resources
Study Guide
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Electron Config
The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.