Bromine
DIATOMIC NONMETAL
Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.
Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning "stench") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number 35
Period 4
Group 17
Phase Liquid
Appearance Unknown
About Diatomic Nonmetals
Diatomic nonmetals naturally exist as molecules of two atoms (e.g., O₂, N₂). They are typically gases at room temperature.
History
Discovered By Antoine Jérôme Balard
Named By Unknown
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass 79.904
Density 3.1028 g/L
Molar Heat N/A J/(mol·K)
Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)
Bromine melts at 265.8 K and boils at 332 K.
Atomic Properties
Electron Config [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Electronegativity 2.96
Electron Affinity 324.537 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy 1139.9 kJ/mol
Orbital Filling Diagram
This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down.
Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.
Photograph
External Resources
Study Guide
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Electron Config
The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.