Antimony

METALLOID

Bohr Model: Electrons arranged in energy shells around the nucleus.

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.

← PreviousTin Next →Tellurium

Quick Facts

Atomic Number 51

Period 5

Group 15

Phase Solid

Appearance silvery lustrous gray

About Metalloids

Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. They often act as semi-conductors, making them essential for electronics.

History

Discovered By unknown, before 3000 BC

Named By Unknown

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass 121.7601

Density 6.697 g/L

Molar Heat 25.23 J/(mol·K)

Phase Transition (Melting & Boiling Points)

Antimony melts at 903.78 K and boils at 1908 K.

Atomic Properties

Electron Config [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

Electronegativity 2.05

Electron Affinity 101.059 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy 834 kJ/mol

Orbital Filling Diagram

This diagram visualizes electron configuration according to the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. Boxes represent orbitals (s, p, d, f), while arrows indicate electrons with spin up or down. Electrons fill lower energy levels first and occupy orbitals singly before pairing.

Photograph

Source: Wikipedia

External Resources

Wikipedia PubChem Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Videos (YouTube)

Study Guide

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element.

Atomic Mass

The average mass of an atom, including protons and neutrons.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electron Config

The arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy shells.